ABSTRACT

Proximate analysis of Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaves was carried out using the research procedure. The result obtained were as follows. Moisture (55.925± 0.112)Ash (12.6750 ± 0.120),Fat (6.625±0.120), Crude protein (14.90±0.127), Carbohydrate (54.96±1.44), Caloric value (393.115±0.149). Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaves is a vegetable and is a good source for human consumption and values, it should therefore consumed along with food that have high starch content.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE-       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         i

CERTIFICATION-          –         –         –         –         –         –         –         ii

DEDICATION-     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT-        –         –         –         –         –         –         iv

ABSTRACT-         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         v-vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     Introduction-         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         1-3

1.1     Aim and objectives of the study –        –         –         –         –         3

1.2     Scope and limitation –      –         –         –         –         –         –         3

1.3     Significance of the study –         –         –         –         –         –         3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Literature Review- –         –         –         –         –         –         –         4-6

2.1     Description of Pterocarpus mildbraedu-        –         –         –         6

2.2     Species of Pterocarpus mildbraedil –   –         –         –         –         6-7

2.3     uses of Pterocarpus mildbraedil-          –         –         –         –         7

2.4     Proximate composition mildbraedil-    –         –         –         –         7

2.4.1  Moisture content – –         –         –         –         –         –         –         8

2.4.2  Crude protein –      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         8-9

2.4.3  Crude fat –   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         9

2..4.4 Crude fibre – –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         9-10

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Materials and Discussion-          –         –         –         –         –         11

3.1     Sample collection and preparation       –         –         –         –         12

3.2   Determination of Moisture Content      –         –         –         –         12-13

3.3     Determination of ash Content-             –         –         –         –         13-14

3.4     Determination of Crude Fiber-            –         –         –         –         15

3.5     Determination of fat (Lipid content)-             –         –         –         15

3.6     Determination of Total Carbohydrate-           –         –         –         17

3.7     Determination of Caloric-          –         –         –         –         –         17

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Result and discussion-     –         –         –         –         –         –         18

4.2     Discussion-            –         –         –         –         –         –         –         19-20

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Conclusion and Recommendation-      –         –         –         –         21

5.1     Conclusion-           –         –         –         –         –         –         –         22

5.2     Recommendation-            –         –         –         –         –         –

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

Pterocarpus mildbraedil harms locally known as “oha’ in the eastern Nigeria is one of the vegetables consumed widely in Nigeria. Vegetables are the fresh and edible portions of herbaceous plants, which can be eaten raw, or cooked. Vegetable are valuable in maintaining alkaline reserve of the body, they are valued mainly for their high carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral contents. Vegetables are rich sources of carotone, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, folic acid and mineral like cakium, iron and phosphorus. In addition they contain phytochemicals or anti-nutrients such as phytic acid, tannic acid and oxalate which reduce their bio availability. According to Aleto and Adeogun, some anti-nutritional compounds exhibits protective effects, thus making them to serve a dual purpose of reducing some essential nutrients and protecting the body against a number of biochemical, physiological and metabolic disorders, vegetables may be edible roots stems, leaves fruits or seed. Each group contributes to diet in its own way, however there are some in expensive leafy vegetables whose nutritive and anti-nutritive potentials are yet to be adequately studied and utilized. Among these leafy vegetables are the leaves of pterocarpus mildbraedii the leaves which are used for soup preparation give good  taste and palatability. Pterocarpus mildbraedii is found in Cameroon, Equational Guinea, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra leone Tanzania. Pterocarpus mildbreadii harm is a green leafy vegetables which grows more like a big tree, it reaches a height of 2m (6.6ft) and it’s stem has a diameter of 20m (0.79inch).

Pterocarpus mildbraedii harms has a smooth, gray or pale brown bark, excluding red gum when cut. Two species are recognized locally Pterocarpus Mildbraedi Harm (oha) and pterocurpus santalinoides (Uturukpa). Pterocarpus mildbraedii, a non-wood forest tree species and one of the largest genus in the papilionoideae family occurring throughout the tropics with yellow bright flowers and usually alternate leaflets, is referred to as “oha” in igbo, “Madobiyar Rafi”  in Hausa, “Vrube” in Edo, “Geneghar” in Ijaw and “kakupupu” in urhobo. Pterocarpus mildbraedii is widely recognized as important indigenous multipurpose tree with very high commercial and nutritional values in most ecological zones of Nigeria used mainly as vegetable in soup and herbs. Previous report on pterocarpus mildbraedii leaf and seed a like indicate that it is a good source of energy, protein and fat.

However, this kind of work has not been carried out in Zaria metropolis. Therefore, this research work is aimed at carrying out proximate and elemental analysis of Pterocarpus Mildbraedii leaf sourced from Samara and Sabo locations in Zaria metropolis.

1.1     AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The aim of this study is to determine the proximate analysis of Pterocarpus Mildbraedii using the following objective

Is to identify and collect the leave from a mature plant.

To determine the proximate analysis of Pterocarpus Mildbraedii.

To compared the observe result with standard.

1.2     SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This project research is centered only on the proximate Analysis of Pterocarpus Mildbraedii and it is limited to that due to insufficient fund of the research.