EFFECTIVENESS OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA USAGE IN INFORMATION DISSEMINATION IN EKET LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
ABSTRACT
The research is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of traditional media usage in information dissemination in Eket Local Government Area. The objective were to identify the Traditional media used in information dissemination in Eket Local Government Area ascertain to what extent these media are used in Eket Local Government Area, find out media preference of people in Eket with regards traditional information dissemination, identify areas of difficulties posed by traditional media in Eket Local Government Area in information dissemination process. The survey method of research was used for data collection. A Sample size of 383 was selected for the study. Data were analyzed through the use of table which shows frequency and simple percentages. The study indicated that there exist the level of interplay and points of divergence between traditional media usage in information dissemination in Eket Local Government Area. Findings equally reveal that the traditional media are very useful in dissemination of information, because they complement each other. Based on the findings the work recommended among other things that the traditional should be prioritizing for information dissemination to function effectively. In any given situation, the medium may work better than another and the traditional media of communication are however recommended for the purpose of information. Conclusively, traditional media should be prioritize by both Government and citizens so as to function effectively in the day to day governance of our present day society in the health, politics, agriculture, economics, educational sector for the purpose of informing, educating and entertaining.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
Cover page — — — — — — – – i
Fly leaf — — — — — — – – – ii
Title page — — — — — — – – iii
Certification — — — — — – – iv
Dedication — — — — — – – – v
Acknowledgement — — — — — – – vi
Table of Content — — — — — – – vii
List of Table — — — — — – viii
List of Appendices — — — — – – ix
Abstract — — — — — — x
References — — — — — — – – xi
Appendices — — — — — – – xii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the study — — — — – 1-4
1.2 Statement of the problem — — — — – 4-5
1.3 Objectives of the study — — — — — 5-6
1.4 Research Question — — — — — – 6
1.5 Scope of the study — — — — — – 7
1.6 Significant of the study — — — — — 7
1.7 Limitations of the study — — — — – 8
1.8 Definition of the study — — — — – 8-9
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE — — – 10
2.1 Concept of media — — — — — – 10
2.1.2 Meaning of media — — — — — – 10-11
2.2 Information Dissemination — — — — 11-12
2.3 Traditional Media — — — — — — 13-14
2.3.2 Types of Traditional Media — — — — 14-15
2.3.2.2 Instrumental Mode of Communication — — 15
2.3.2.3 Idiophones — — — — — — 15-16
2.3.2.4 Aerophones — — — — — — 16
2.3.2.5 Membranophones — — — — — 16
2.3.2.6 Symbolographic — — — — — — 17
2.3.3 Demonstrative mode of communication — — 17-18
2.3.4 Iconographic mode of communication — — — 18-19
2.3.5 Extra-mundane mode of communication — — 19
2.3.6 Visual mode of communication — — — 20
2.3.7 Institutional mode of communication — — 20
2.4 Information dissemination in traditional media — – 21-23
2.5 Application of traditional media — — — – 23-25
2.6 Traditional game — — — — — — 25-26
2.7 Evolution of modern media — — — — 27-28
2.7.2 Types of modern media — — — — — 29
2.7.2.2 Television — — — — — — — 29-30
2.7.2.3 Radio — — — — — — — 30-31
2.7.2.4 E-mail — — — — — — — 31
2.7.2.5 Weekly letter — — — — — — 31-32
2.7.2.6 Personal letter — — — — — — 32
2.7. 3 Billboard — — — — — — — 32
2.7.4 Internet — — — — — — — 33
2.7.5 Employees magazine — — — — — 34
2.7.6 Sms or text messages — — — — — 34
2.7.7 Social media — — — — — — 35
2.8 Information dissemination in modern media — 35-38
2.9 Application of media — — — — — 38-39
2.10 Theoretical frame work — — — — — 40
2.11 Usage and Gratification Theory — — — 40-41
2.12 Review of study — — — — — — 41-42
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY — — — – 43
3.1 Research design — — — — — — – 43
3.2 Population of the study — — — — – 43
3.3 Sample size and sample procedure– — — – 43-45
3.4 Instrument for data collection– — — — – 45
3.5 Variety and reliability of instrument– — — – 45-46
3.6 Method of data presentation analysis — — – 46
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS — — — — 47
4.1 Data presentation and analysis — — — – -47-54
4.2 Discussion of findings — — — — — – 54-56
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION — — — — — – -57
5.1 Summary — — — — — — — 57
5.2 Conclusion — — — — — — — 58
5.3 Recommendation — — — — — – 58-59
References — — — — — — — 51-53
Appendix /Appendices
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Pages
- Showing population of sample size — — — – 44-45
- Showing age distribution and
Collection Of questionnaires– — — — — 47
- Showing age distribution — — — — 48
- Showing qualification and
Responses of respondents — — — — 49
- Showing the percentage of modern media
and traditional media preference — — — – 50
- Responses on the modern and traditional
Media used in information dissemination — — – 51
- Responses on the extend of usage of
Both modern and traditional media — — — 52-53
- Responses on whether both media
Pose any difficulties– — — — — — – 53
- Responses on whether messages can be
Transmitted via modern and traditional media — – 54
LIST OF APPENDIXES
Questionnaire cover letter
Questionnaire Appendix A
Questionnaire Appendix B
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Media could be defined broadly as channels of communication.This means that media helps to transmit or carry signals or Information from the source of communication to receiver and destination.
The media is an important part Nigeria social structure, in a situation where a channel or medium has the capacity of transmitting Information to relatively large heterogeneous and anonymous audience at the same time , such medium is referred to as Mass medium, for example, Television and Radio.
BBC English and Harper Collins Publishers (1992), believes that media can be referred to Television, Radio and Newspapers. In the same vein, Hornby (2006) defines media as the mean ways that large numbers of People received Information and Entertainment that is Television, Radio, Newspapers and Internet.
The words of Biagi (1994), cited in Ekong (2015), the media are various instruments used in sending out messages and receiving same in the form of Information, News, Ideas, Music, Education, Advertisement, Debate, religious and motivational programmes through Radio, Television, Newspapers, Magazines, Films, Internet etc. Modern media is specifically concerned with the use of digitalized trend of electronic facilities such as Television, Radio and Internet to aid in Information dissemination. What make the modern media different from the Traditional media are simply the speed and its availability.
Television as an essential part of modern media is an electronic medium that combines sight, sound and motion in its presentation of messages and it is the most effective medium in terms of message presentation (Ekong,2015).
Radio on it part is an electronic medium which is largely used. It messages is heard through the ear (they produces sound only).The Traditional media is the old methods and platforms or channels through which messages or information were disseminated in past before the advent of modern media.
The old media (Traditional media)d displays a variety of characteristics which gives it a unique image of its own. These characteristics include its dynamism and the fact of it being multi-media and multi-channel system .It is also authoritative, credible, definitive, time-honoured, transactional, customary, integrative, low cost, adoptable and invariably quite popular. Traditional media is complex in it’s operation, this is because not only one system is used, but a network of other systems which operation and it depends on trust for it’s credibility. Importantly, Traditional media can be categorized into six media namely; Instrumental mode of communication, demonstrative mode of communication, iconographic mode of communication, Extramundane mode of communication, Visual mode of communication and institutional mode of communication.
Therefore, the two type of media discussed above plays significant role in the aspect of Information dissemination, Socialization, Integration, Mobilization etc. Hence, the media as an essential part of human existence create a platform for idea to be interface between persons, group or organization.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In the communication process especially as regards to modern mass media as the print and electronic media, the rural people seems to be marginalized due to several factors, traditional artifacts could be positively exploited and utilized to meet the needs of rural people.
The importance of traditional artifacts where it will enhance rural based on communication and development, how effective are the traditional communication media what similarities and dissimilarities exist between these media and traditional communication system of Eket Local Government Area are ,all some of the medium is used to find how effectiveness of traditional media usage in Information.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are:-
(i) The effectiveness of traditional media will be determined and will serve as a base for comprising traditional communication in Eket Local Government Area ;
(ii) Ascertain the effectiveness of these media in Information dissemination in Eket Local Government Area ;
(iii) Find out media preference of people in Eket Local Government Area with regards to information dissemination ;
(iv) Identify the traditional media used in Information dissemination in Eket Local Government Area
(v) It will help to intends to discover the usefulness and limitation of any of those traditional media in Eket Local Government Area.
(vi) Identify areas of difficulties posed by Traditional media in Eket Local Government Area in Information dissemination.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Based on the objective of the study, the following research question were formulated
(i) How effective are traditional media used in Information dissemination in Eket Local Government Area?
(ii) What are the media used in Information dissemination in Eket Local Government Area?
(iii) What are these traditional means of communication in Eket Local Government Area?
(iv) Are modern means of communication in Eket Local Government Area more credible than the traditional mass media?
(v) Which of these media do people in Eket Local Government Area prefer for the purpose of Information dissemination?
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research directed at effectiveness of traditional media usage of information dissemination in Eket Local Government Area, is only limited to the five clans which makes up Eket Local Government Area, they are; Idua clan district, Okon clan district, EketOffiong clan district , EketAfaha clan district, and AfiaNsit clan. The researcher decided to work on these five clans to achieve a wider coverage area and detailed pieces of Information for the study.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The result of the study may be immense benefit to student who may wish to research on a similar topic.
It may be used by traditional media institutions to improve on their performance and contents.
It may also be used to educate authorities in higher institutions of learning who wish to improve on the course curriculum.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
In the cause of carrying out this study, there were some limitations, they are;
Demand for money by some respondents; but was over come through adequate explanations, that the study was specifically an academic requirement.
Delays on the path of respondents to respond to questions on the questionnaire, was over come through exercising of patience so as to achieve my priorities.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
(i) Information dissemination:- It is the process of passing or sending out Information from one person to another or group of persons from one location to another with the help of a medium; It can be traditional medium .
(ii) Modern media:-This are the new form of media used in Information dissemination, E.g television, Radio, Newspaper and Internet.
(iii) Traditional media :-These are the old forms or modes of communication such as zymology etc, which produces sound when they are beating or struck.
