TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         i

Certification –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         ii

Dedication   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         iii

Acknowledgements         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         iv

Table of Contents  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         v-vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction – –         –         –         –         –         –         –         1-3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Sources of Metal Scrap    –         –         –         –         –         –         4

2.1     Home Scrap –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         4

2.2     New Scrap   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         4-5

2.3     Old Scrap    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         5

2.4     Types of Metal Scrap       –         –         –         –         –         –         5

2.4.1  Aluminium Scrap  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         5

2.4.2  Brass Scrap  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         6

2.4.3  Carbide        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         6

2.4.4  Copper Scrap         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         6

2.4.5  Cast Iron      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         6

2.4.6  Lead Scrap   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         7

2.4.7  Titanium Scrap      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         7

2.5     Classification of Metal Scrap     –         –         –         –         –         7-10

2.6     Metal Scrap Sorting and Preparation Techniques    –         –         11

2.6.1  Manual Sorting and Preparation Technique   –         –         –         11

2.6.2  Scrap Size Reduction Process    –         –         –         –         –         11-12

2.6.3  Shredding    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         12-14

2.6.4  Magnetic Separation        –         –         –         –         –         –         14

2.6.5  Eddy Current Separation  –         –         –         –         –         –         15-16

CHAPTER THREE      

3.1     Utilization of Metal Scrap for Wealth Generation    –         –         17-18

3.2     Scrap Metal as Good Industrial Resources     –         –         –         18-19

3.3     Benefits of Recycling Scrap      –         –         –         –         –         20-24

3.4     Indiscriminate Disposal of Scrap Metal

it Environmental Impacts –         –         –         –         –         –         25-27

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Summary and Conclusion

4.1     Summary     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         28-29

4.2     Conclusion  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         29-30

             References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

Scrap consist of recycle materials  left over from product manufacturing and consumption, such as parts of  vehicles, building supplies, a surplus materials. (Schwartz, 2008). Unlike  waste, scrap has monetary value, especially recovered metals and non-metallic materials are also recovered for recycling (Hanko et al., 2001).

Scrap metal, used metals that are an important source of industrial metals and alloys, particularly in the production of steel, copper, lead, aluminum and zinc. Smaller amounts of tin, nickel, magnesium and precious metals are also recovered from scrap (Day, 2001).

Impurities from scrap such organic materials, as wood, plastic, pain and fabric can be burned off. Metallic impurities may be desirable, inert, or undesirable, undesirable ones may be diluted to tolerable proportions by the addition of pure metal or they may be removed by refining (Hartman, 2009). Scrap is usually blended and remelted to produce alloys similar to or more complex thatn those from which the scrap was derived.

Every metals falls under two classifications: Ferous and non-ferous metals. Ferrous metals are the most common type of recycled metals. As a matter of fact, the U.S processes enough ferrous metals daily, by weight to build towers every single day of the year (Uzondu, 2012).

The simplest way of differentiating it from non-ferrous metals is that all ferrous metal is magnetic. This is because ferrous metal is iron or steel or at least   contain it (Scheinberg, 2012).

Common items made of ferrous metal include refrigerators, ovens, cars, cast iron skillets, and more. Ferrous metals also have a high carbon contents, which generally makes them prone to rust or corrosion making them obsolete (Medina, 2010).

Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron so they are not magnetic and they are typically more corrosion and rust resistant than ferrous metals. These metals are commonly used in construction and building applications such as gutters, roofing, pipes and electrical (Alafara et al., 2005).

Non-ferrous metals include brass, gold, nickel, tin, lead and zinc, among others. Common properties of non-ferrous metals are that they are malleable and light weight these properties make them especially ideal for the construction of aircraft (Adebimpe and Akande, 2011).

Scrap metal can be sourced in a variety of ways from many different places. Household item include: Soda cans, tin cans, old tools, jewelry, office supplies (staple, paper clips, scisssors etc.)

Despite the global economic meltdown, scrap scavenging for the industrial steel companies has become an incubator of wealth generation for the umployed who would have –out of frustration found themselves in various cesspit of socio-economic vices such as robbery, cultism, kidnap, 419 scam or fraud stars due to death of sustainable employment opportunities in the country.

Hitherto, metal scraps were considered as dirty, less valued wastes frequently disposed of and found along the streets, gutters, drainage channels, municipal waste dumps abandoned or underveloped  land space and production sites was well as domestic waste dumps (Mohamme, 2008).

Whether metal or plastics has been appreciated as a huge source of income dealers all over the world (Umaru, 2016).