REVIEW OF WATER CHEMISTRY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

           TITLE PAGE        –         –         –         –         –         –         –

CERTIFICATION –         –         –         –         –         –         –

DEDICATION       –         –         –         –         –         –         –

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT          –         –         –         –         –

TABLE OF CONTENTS  –         –         –         –         –         –

CHAPTER ONE  –         –         –         –         –         –         –

1.0       INTRODUCTION         –         –         –         –         –         –

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       OVERVIEW OF WATER       –         –         –         –         –

2.1       Definition Of Water         –         –         –         –         –         –

2.1.1    Chemical And Physical Properties Of Water     –         –         –

2.1.2    Taste And Odor     –         –         –         –         –         –         –

2.1.3    Color And Appearance     –         –         –         –         –         –

2.1.4    Polarity And Hydrogen Bonding –         –         –         –         –

2.1.5    Electrical Conductivity And Electrolysis          –         –         –

2.1.6    Reactivity    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

2.2       Effects Of Water On Life  –         –         –         –         –         –

2.2.1    Effects On Aquatic Life Forms    –         –         –         –         –

2.2.2    Effects On Human Civilization   –         –         –         –         –

2.3       Health And Water Pollution        –         –         –         –         –

2.4       Human Uses Of Water      –         –         –         –         –         –

2.4.1    Agriculture  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

2.4.2    For Drinking          –         –         –         –         –         –         –

2.4.3    Washing      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

2.4.4    Chemical Uses       –         –         –         –         –         –         –

2.4.5    Industrial Applications      –         –         –         –         –         –

CHAPTER THREE       

3.0     REVIEW OF WATER CHEMISTRY –         –         –         –        

3.1     Water Quality Variables    –         –         –         –         –         –

3.1.1   Temperature –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.1.2   Dissolved Oxygen   –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.1.3   Nitrogenous Wastes –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.1.4   pH      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.1.5   Hydrogen Sulfide    –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.1.6   Carbon Dioxide       –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.1.7   Salinity         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.1.8   Iron    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.1.9   Chlorine        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –                     

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION –    –         –         –         –

4.1     Summary      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

4.2     Conclusion   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

References

                                         

       CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUTION

As water is one of the most important compounds of the ecosystem, but due to increased human population, industrialization, use of fertilizers in agriculture and man-made activity, all these factors have effects on water quality. The natural aquatic resources are causing heavy and varied pollution in aquatic environment leading to pollute water quality and depletion of aquatic biota. It is therefore necessary that the quality of drinking water should be checked at regular interval. It is difficult to understand the biological phenomena fully because of the chemistry of water levels much about the metabolism of the ecosystem of the ecosystem and explain the general hydro-biological relationship (Basavaraja et al., 2011).

The rapid industrialization and aquaculture practices along the river systems and the coastal areas have brought considerable decline in the water quality of brackish waters and estuaries. Coastal zones and estuaries. Coastal zones and estuaries are important ecological systems and a resource for a variety of socio-economic drivers, producing increased pressures and impacts, which can lead to environmental stress or even affect public health (Cave et al., 2003., Belzunce et al., 2004), with the sudden increase of population and rapid economic development, these areas are facing many ecological problems. Such problems have been assigned mostly to an excess of nutrient, associated with industrial and municipal wastewater., (Balls, 1998). Forestry and agriculture (Bell,1999).

The subsequent increase in nutrient loads produces an ecological impact over biological communities., (Karlsojn, 2002). associated mostly with entrophication processes (Wang 1999., Hanninen, 2000). The hydro biological study is a pre-requisite in any aquatic system for the assessment of its  potentialities and to understand the realities between its different trophic levels and food webs.

Further, the environmental conditions such as topography, water movement, salinity, oxygen, temperature and nutrients characterizing a particular water mass also determine the composition of its biota. Thus, the nature and distribution of the flora and fauna in the aquatic system are mainly controlled by the fluctuations in the physical and chemical characteristics of the water body.

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