A REVIEW ON THE MEDICINAL USES OF Ixora chinensis
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgments – – – – – – – iv
Table of Contents – – – – – – – – vi-viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 1-2
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Botanical Description of Ixoro chinensis – – – 3-4
2.1 Classification of Ixoro chinensis – – – – 4-5
2.2 Traditional uses of Ixoro chinensis – – – – 5
2.3 Ethnomedicinal uses of Ixoro chinensis – – – 6
2.3.1 Leaf – – – – – – – – – 6
2.3.2 Flower – – – – – – – – 6-7
2.3.3 Root – – – – – – – – – 7
2.4 Phytoconstituent and Nutrient in Ixoro chinensis – 7-8
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Pharmacological activity – – – – – 9
3.1 Anti-oxidant activity – – – – – 9-10
3.2 Anti-inflammatory activity – – – – 10-11
3.3 Anti-helmintic activity – – – – – 12
3.4 Anti-asthmatic activity – – – – – 12
3.5 Anti-diarrheal activity – – – – – 13
3.6 Anti-microbial activity – – – – – 13-14
3.7 Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activity – 14
3.8 Hepatoprotective activity – – – – 14-15
3.9 Wound healing activity – – – – – 15-17
3.10 Antinociceptive activity – – – – – 17
3.11 Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activities – 17-18
3.12 Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-pyretic activities- – – – – – – – – – – 18-19
3.13 Cytotoxic and Anti-tumor activity – – – 19-20
3.14 Chemoprotective activity – – – – 20
3.15 Cardioprotective activity- – – – – 20-21
3.16 Anti-ulcer active – – – – – – 21-23
3.17 Nano-particle biosynthesis – – – – 23
3.18 Neuro protective activity – – – – 24
3.19 Chromatographic finger print analysis – – 24
3.20 Anxiolytic activity – – – – – 25
3.21 Antityrosinase and Antioxidant activities – – 25-26
CHAPTER FOUR: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
4.1 Summary – – – – – – – 27
4.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – 28-29
References
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
The traditional systems of medicines viz. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, western Herbal medicines, Traditional Chinese medicine and Homeopathy have roots in medicinal herbs. The use of the medicinal herbs for curing diseases has been documented in the history of all civilizations (Saroya, 2011).
There are around 500 species in the genus Ixora only handfuls are commonly cultivated. People have been using Ixora for generations, not only for ornamental purposes but more importantly because of the medicinal values (Patil, 2007).
Ixora chinensis is a species of flowering plant in the Rubiaceae family. Ixora chinensis is a dense, multi-branched evergreen 60-200 cm tall shrub, commonly 2-4ft in height. The leaves are glossy, leathery, oblong with entire margins and are carried in opposite pairs or whorled. (Shan et al., 1978). The leaves of Ixora chinensis were found to have anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, anti-asthmatic, antiulcer and anti-tussive activity, and also to pacify vitiated pitta, skin diseases, colic, flatulence, diarrhea, indigestion, ulcers, wounds and used as antiseptic. (Khandelwal et al., 2002).
Ixora chinensis leaves contain lupeol, ursolic and oleanolic acid, Sitosterol, rutin, quercetin, lecocyanadin, anthocyanins, proanthocyanins (Elumalai et al., 2012). Ixora chinensis s used as antiseptic in scabies and other skin diseases (Ms. Riddhi et al., 2017 and Kanakhara et al., 2017).