TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         i

Certification –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         ii

Dedication   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         iii

Acknowledgement –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         iv

Table of Contents  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         v

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION – –         –         –         –         –         –         1

CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPT OF PHOTOELECTRICITY

2.1 Concept of Photo electricity –         –         –         –         –         –         3

2.2 Photoelectric Effect   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         4

2.3 Photocell          –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         8

2.3.1 Photo-Emissive Cell          –         –         –         –         –         –         8

2.3.2  Photo-Voltaic Cell –         –         –         –         –         –         –         11

2.3.3 Photo-Conductive Cell      –         –         –         –         –         –         12

2.4 Solar Lightening        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         12

2.5 Solar Lighting System         –         –         –         –         –         –         13

2.6 Solar Charge Controller       –         –         –         –         –         –         17

2.7 Types of Solar Charge Controller   –         –         –         –         –         18

2.8 Solar Inverter   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         22

CHAPTER THREE: SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION

3.1 Solar Power      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         25

3.2 Technologies in solar Power –         –         –         –         –         –         26

3.3 Renewable Energy      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         28

3.4 Source of Renewable Energy          –         –         –         –         –         28

3.5 Solar Power System as a Renewable Energy Source    –         –         31

3.5.1 Advantages of Solar Power         –         –         –         –         –         31

3.6 Variable nature of Power Output   –         –         –         –         –         32

3.7 Pollution Free  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         33

3.8 Resource Availability –         –         –         –         –         –         –         33

3.9 Solar Energy in Sustainable Housing       –         –         –         –         34

CHAPTER FOUR: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

4.0 Summary         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         35

4.1 Conclusion       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         36

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Renewable energy is energy from renewable source that naturally replenished on a human time-scale. Renewable resource include sunlight, wind, the movement of water and geothermal heat. (Holladay,2008). Although most renewable energy source are sustainable, some are not. For example, some biomass sources are considered unsustainable at current rate of exploitation. Renewable energy is often used for electricity generation, heating and cooling.

Renewable energy stands in contrast to fossil fuels which are being used far more quickly than they are being replenished. Renewable energy source are significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy source which are concentrated with limited number of countries.

Solar energy is a renewable energy source and is converted to electrical energy into two ways, using a photovotalic material which generate an electrical potential when exposed to light and using a thermal process which uses the energy from the sun to heat a working fluid in an electricity generating cycle. The complementary positive charge that are also created (like bubbles) are called holes and flow in the direction opposite of the electrons in a silicon panel. By this process the photovotalic cell convert the energy into a usable amount of direct current (DC) electricity.

It is converted to electrical energy in two ways thus, using photovoltaic material which generates an electrical potential when exposed to light or using a thermal process which uses the energy from the sun to heat a working fluid in an electricity generating cycle. It is derive from natural process that are replenished constantly (Earl and Maxay, 2003).