TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page-   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         i

Certification-          –         –         –         –         –         –         –         ii

Dedication-  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         iii

Acknowledgments-          –         –         –         –         –         –         iv

Table of Contents- –         –         –         –         –         –         –         v-vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction- –         –         –         –         –         –         1-3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Food Components- – –         –         –         –         –         4-10

2.1     Quality of Nutrition-        –         –         –         –         –         10-13

2.2     Factors the Influence Human Nutrition-        –         –         13-18

2.3     Malnutrition-         –         –         –         –         –         –         18-20

2.4     Global Nutrition Challenges-     –         –         –         –         20

2.4.1  Disease-       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         20-21

2.4.2  Child malnutrition-          –         –         –         –         –         21-22

2.4.3  Undernutrition-      –         –         –         –         –         –         23-27

2.4.4  Adult Overweight6 and Obesity-         –         –         –         27-28

CHAPTER THREE

THE ROLES OF NUTRIENTS IN THE BODY

3.1     Classes of Nutrients-        –         –         –         –         –         29-31

3.1.1  Carbohydrates-      –         –         –         –         –         –         31-34

3.1.2  Fat-    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         34-37

3.1.3  Fiber- –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         37-40

3.1.4  Amino Acid-         –         –         –         –         –         –         40-43

3.1.5  Water-         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         43-45

3.1.6  Minerals-     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         45-50

3.1.7  Vitamins-     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         50-51

3.2     Functions of those Nutrients in the Body-     –         –         51-55

CHAPTER FOUR

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

4.1     Summary-    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         56-57

4.2     Conclusion- –         –         –         –         –         –         –         57-58

             References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

Food and nutrition is regarded as one of the indispensable aspects that lead to effective growth and development and health and well-being. Food provides the individuals with the energy that is needed in the implementation of tasks and activities. In addition, the individuals are able to treat various health problems and illnesses. There are numerous food items, which are consumed by the individuals in accordance to their liking and preferences. In some cases, the individuals are pure vegetarians and refrain from the consumption of non-vegetarian food items, whereas, in other cases, they consume simple meals, comprising of milk, fruits, bread and vegetables and so forth. The health conditions of the individuals are regarded as vital that enable them to make selection of the food items they want to consume. On the other hand, skipping meals and abstaining from the consumption of food items, providing essential nutrients cause health problems and illnesses. Therefore, the individuals, belonging to all age groups, communities, categories and backgrounds need to pay adequate attention towards their diet and nutrition on regular basis. (Lean and Michael, 2015). Nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients  in food that are necessary to support human life and good health (Lean and Michael, 2015). Poor nutrition is a chronic problems often linked to poverty, food security, or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements (UNICEF, 2006). Malnutrition and its consequences and large contributions to deaths, physical deformities, and disabilities worldwide. (WHO, 2013). Good nutrition is necessary for children to grow physically and mentally, and for normal human biological body development (UNICEF, 2006).

The human body contains chemical compounds such as water, carbohydrates, amino acids (found in proteins), fatty acids (found in lipids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These compounds are composed of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Any study done to determined nutritional status rust take into account the state of the body before and after experiments, as well as the chemical composition of the whole diet and of all the materials excreted and eliminated from the body (including urine and feces).