TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         i

Certification           –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         ii

Dedication   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         iii

Acknowledgements         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         iv

Table of Contents  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         v

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION –         –         –         –         –         –         –         1

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 SURFACE TENSION         –         –         –         –         –         –         3

2.1 Causes of Surface Tension   –         –         –         –         –         –         6

2.2 Application of Surface Tension     –         –         –         –         –         7

2.3     Importance of Surface Tension  –         –         –         –         –         8

2.4     Uses of Surface Tension –         –         –         –         –         –         9

2.5     Effects of Surface Tension        –         –         –         –         –         10

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     SURFACE TENSION: HYDROPHOBIC EFFECT

IN ACTION –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         12

3.1     Dynamic Surface Tension          –         –         –         –         –         13

3.2     Puddles on a Surface       –         –         –         –         –         –         14

3.3     Thermodynamics of Soap Bubbles     –         –         –         –         17

3.4     Force Tension and its Use          –         –         –         –         –         18

3.5     Benefit of the Kibron Solution  –         –         –         –         –         20

3.6     Optical Tensionmetry     –         –         –         –         –         –         21

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

4.1     Summary    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         24

4.2     Conclusion  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         24

          References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

Surface tension is taking place everywhere and at all time thereby affecting our daily life in a number of ways. Infact, it: is surface tension which keeps the billions of ceils in our body functional, ensuring the proper organization of their bimolecules, proteins, lipids and nuclei acid into membranes and various types of cellular organelles (Brown,1986).

Surface tension is a truly fundamental property of water, making it can ideal medium allowing for life as we known it to exist. On a more easily accessible scale, familiar us all, it is surface tension what makes water drops spherical. Soap and detergents have been known to mankind for quite a long time now. The earliest known evidence of soap use are Babylonian clay cylinders dating from 2800 BC (Meiners HF 1970), containing a soap like substance, A formula for soap consisting of water, alkali and cassia oil written on a Babylonian clay tablet around 2200BC. I lie I hers Papyrus (Egypt, 1550 BC) indicate that ancient Egyptian bathed regularly and combined animal and vegetable oils with alkaline salts to create a soap like substance.

A soap factory with bars of scented soap was found in the ruins of Pompeii (79AD) legend has it that soap gets its name from mount sapo where ancient Romans sacrificed animals (Boys, 1989).

Surface tension is one of the most important and interesting qualities of the capillary fluids. There is popular phenomenon of the capillary action that makes the fluid. The phenomenon first studied by (Dettre and Johnson, 1964). Their work developed a theoretical model based on experiment with glass beads coated with paraffin of PTFE telomere (Barthlott and Ehleer, 1977).